Response of cellular innate immunity to Cnidarian Pore-Forming toxins

Yap, Wei Yuen * and Hwang, Jung Shan * (2018) Response of cellular innate immunity to Cnidarian Pore-Forming toxins. Molecules, 23 (10). p. 2537. ISSN 1420-3049

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Official URL: http://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102537

Abstract

A group of stable, water-soluble and membrane-bound proteins constitute the pore forming toxins (PFTs) in cnidarians. They interact with membranes to physically alter the membrane structure and permeability, resulting in the formation of pores. These lesions on the plasma membrane causes an imbalance of cellular ionic gradients, resulting in swelling of the cell and eventually its rupture. Of all cnidarian PFTs, actinoporins are by far the best studied subgroup with established knowledge of their molecular structure and their mode of pore-forming action. However, the current view of necrotic action by actinoporins may not be the only mechanism that induces cell death since there is increasing evidence showing that pore-forming toxins can induce either necrosis or apoptosis in a cell-type, receptor and dose-dependent manner. In this review, we focus on the response of the cellular immune system to the cnidarian pore-forming toxins and the signaling pathways that might be involved in these cellular responses. Since PFTs represent potential candidates for targeted toxin therapy for the treatment of numerous cancers, we also address the challenge to overcoming the immunogenicity of these toxins when used as therapeutics.

Item Type: Article
Uncontrolled Keywords: actinoporin; cnidarian pore forming toxins; innate immune response; potassium efflux; inflammation
Subjects: R Medicine > RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology
Divisions: Sunway University > School of Engineering and Technology [formerly School of Science and Technology until 2020] > Dept. Biological Sciences moved to SMLS wef 2021
Sunway University > School of Medical and Life Sciences [formerly School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences until 2020] > Department of Medical Sciences
Depositing User: Dr Janaki Sinnasamy
Related URLs:
Date Deposited: 05 Dec 2018 09:09
Last Modified: 25 Apr 2019 07:27
URI: http://eprints.sunway.edu.my/id/eprint/948

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